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BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE IGBC
November 13, 2007, 1000 PDT—1500 PDT
Fenn Ranger Station - Moose Creek Ranger District
Nez Perce National Forest
Attending: Tom Reilly (Chair), Mike Demick, Steve Nadeau, Damien Miller, Chris Servheen, Kimberley Johnson, Joe Hudson, Sterling Miller, MaryAnn High, Brian Peck, Lorraine Brewer, Chuck Bartlebaugh
Attending via teleconferece: Jim Claar, Ellen Davis, Dave Bull, Julie Schreck, Jamie Jonkel, Mack Long, Minette Glaser,Vivica Crowser
*(Please see task list with dates at end of document)
Opening Message from Chair, Tom Reilly
Tom emphasized that since grizzly bear presence was confirmed in the Bitterroot Ecosytem on September 3, 2007, our responsibility in grizzly recovery efforts has intensified.
Grizzly Bear Misidentification/Shooting Incident
Chris Servheen related the incident that confirmed recent grizzly presence in the Bitterroot Ecosytem:
- An outfitted hunter from Tennessee shot the grizzly over bait by mistake on September 3, 2007.
- The location was in Idaho, upper Kelly Creek in the North Fork Clearwater. Both the guide and the hunter were apparently unaware there could be grizzlies in the area.
- The outfitter the guide worked for had baited for years in the area and had never seen a grizzly.
- Although the outfitter was not present when the bear was shot, the guide identified it as a grizzly when he saw it up close. He acted responsibly and reported the mistaken kill immediately to the outfitter, who promptly notified state fish and game authorities.
- USFWS and IDFG will not likely pursue any citation related to incident.
Tom said he got news of the bear and met with Steve, Dave Cadwallader, and others in Lewiston to plan response. Chris coordinated with group earlier via email. Tom thought the drill went well, got signs and information out on both the Clearwater and Nez Perce.
- A tissue sample from the bear was sent to British Columbia for genetic analysis and it was determined to be consistent with the genetic signature of the Selkirk grizzly population. Of the 1280+ bears agencies have genetic signatures from, the Selkirk grizzlies are the most genetically distinct because of genetic isolation for possibly 60 years.
Chris and Jamie Jonkel have estimated the age of the bear at 6 to 8 years and definitely older than 4 years. Steve Nadeau will extract a tooth from the skull and send to Chris for definitive age determination testing.
This grizzly is the first known in the north end of the Bitterroot Ecosystem in 60 years. The habitat in the area the bear was killed is very good grizzly habitat.
We do not know the exact route the bear likely took to get to upper Kelly Creek. It may have traveled along the east shore of Lake Pend Oreille, then along the Montana /Idaho border, across I-90, into the upper St. Joe, and then into upper Kelly Creek.
Chris said the distance from the Selkirks to upper Kelly Creek, where the bear was shot, is a minimum of 140 air miles. There are grizzlies in Ninemile and the distance from there to upper Kelly Creek is only about 70 air miles or half the distance this bear traveled from the Selkirks.
Steve said there have been scattered, unverified reports of grizzlies through the years. In the late 1980’s, an outfitter guide reported seeing a grizzly over a bait carcass, and later in a huckleberry patch, in upper Kelly Creek. The reports convinced Steve and Dan Davis that a grizzly was in the area. In 1991 and 1992, cameras were deployed and Davis flew the area but no evidence of grizzly presence was obtained.
Grizzly Dispersal
What constitutes a resident population of grizzly bears? Chris explained there has to be evidence of two different females with young over a five year period to qualify as a resident population, as defined in the Bitterroot recovery EIS. Females usually establish a home range partially overlapping with the home range of their mother. It is unlikely to find a female grizzly traveling very long distances, like this male bear did.
Chris doesn’t expect to see females in the Bitterroot Ecosystem in the near term- probably not for tens of years due to the tendency for females to not move much and their reluctance to cross highways like I-90. Of note, gender, as well as identity and origin can be determined from hair samples.
Chris explained the two primary mechanisms for increasing genetic diversity and reproduction in grizzly populations.
Genetic rescue: new genes coming into a population with breeding occurring results in more genetic diversity. This usually occurs with the movement of males, not females.
Demographic rescue: creation of increased reproduction by females moving into a new area, resulting in more reproduction, more cubs. There is no demographic rescue without new females coming in.
An adult female grizzly with two cubs, collared in Noxon, MT., was moved to the Montana-Idaho line to remove her from conflicts in the Noxon area. She went briefly into Idaho, just over the border, then moved north across Hwy. 200 and into the Cabinets.
Chris said seven bears in the North Continental Divide Ecosystem were killed on highways this year. Mary Ann asked if the extreme temperatures this past summer affected forage availability and bear movement. Chris said he didn’t think the climate or forage were factors in the bear incidents. He thinks a combination of chance, more bears, and more traffic is responsible.
How to Proceed Now that Grizzly Presence is Confirmed in the Bitterroot Ecosystem
Information and education efforts have been intensifed to decrease chances another grizzly will be killed due to misidentification.
Section 7 Consultation
There was a discussion on how to proceed with grizzlies on the Section 7 consultation list for the upper Clearwater area. USFWS normally gives action agencies a list of species to analyze for the impacts of actions in areas. Chris has discussed internally, with the Service, how to proceed with the species list question for this area, and has discussed with Tom.
Survey Strategy Prior to Adding Grizzly to Consultation List
Chris believes it is logical to pursue an examination of the area to investigate the possibility of more grizzly bears. Chris proposed that areas in Kelly Creek, North Fork Clearwater, upper St. Joe, and Long Creek would be surveyed using lure sites, barbed wire, and automatic cameras. May also look in adjacent areas in Montana. There is possibility of funding the survey next year and that determination will probably be made this winter. Cooperators would include USFWS, MFWP, IDFG, and USFS.
The survey would include cameras and DNA sampling with barbed wire hair snags over lures. A possible sampling strategy would be stratification of the area into the places most likely to have bears due to habitat conditions and remoteness. The sampling data would then be evaluated and discussions would proceed to determine whether the species should be added to the list.
Tom agrees with Chris that the species list question is an important issue. The USFS may provide some funding for the survey.
Chris estimates the cost may be around $60,000.00 for the survey and subsequent DNA analysis. The survey will proceed if funded. If not funded, a strategy for how to proceed will be determined through conference call.
Tom indicated that there is desire by some to use grizzly presence as leverage to affect access. Good cooperation and collaboration is important between USFS, USFWS, and the state agencies.
Tom asked Jim Claar how the USFS can help with the survey effort. Jim indicated there may be some funds available from the intergovernment IGBC fund to assist with funding the survey. Jim also said he and Mary Ann had talked about providing a standard protocol for field verification from incidental observations by agency employees that would be in addition to, and complement the systematic sampling effort. Methodology would include hair and scat collection, track measurements, and photo ID.
Ellen asked about the possibility of using the $36,000.00 I&E funds for the systematic survey. Jim said he hopes to obtain other funding for the survey and save the I&E funds for that purpose.
Consultation, cont’d.
Steve asked what triggers Section 7 consultation for the management agencies. Tom said we consult on species on the list provided by USFWS.
Chris said the fact that a bear was shot in the BE does not automatically trigger consultation. He believes the best course of action is to conduct the proposed survey to get more evidence on population status and use the results to make an informed decision on where to go.
Steve asked if finding no evidence of bears in survey would result in not consulting. Chris said it probably would, but that we need to wait for survey to discuss and determine that. Steve said he needs the information because he is being asked by reporters and the public what will happen now.
Implications for Reintroduction
Steve said the original EIS had one alternative for natural recovery. At the time, it was felt that it would be 20 years or more for a female to show up. It’s been 10 years and we have a male. Things are progressing with or without us. Steve is not sure he’s comfortable with just doing a ground survey for bears.
Chris said the most important thing now is information to the public in the area with signage to prevent another accidental shooting situation. “Grizzly bears could be present- be sure of what you shoot” and “use proper sanitation practices” are the important messages.
Steve said he is OK with intense information/education efforts in the meantime until the survey effort.
Tom asked about implications to the experimental population proposal. Chris said the ROD that calls for reintroducing bears over a 25 year period is still in place and valid. It has not been funded since 2000.
A resident population would be established when two females with young are present over a 6 year period. The one male verified in the area does not preclude the decision to reintroduce under the 10j experimental population rule. Chris said the Washington D.C. office of USFWS is paying attention to this situation.
Steve said he will meet with Governor Otter, Jim Risch, and Office of Species Conservation, after this meeting, and will inform them of survey proposal and wait and see approach. He thinks the governor will be OK with it.
Sterling said we need to be working to get females back here. This male bear indicates there are corridors for bear dispersal. The window for reintroduction is closing. People need to get behind reintroduction as soon as USFWS gets behind it. Need to remind people that a coalition of diverse interest groups got together to build the proposal for reintroduction.
Direction from Tom
Tom said this is a tantalizing stage to be in. It would be easier if we clearly did or did not have bears. It is important that we are all giving the same message to the public and agency employees to minimize confusion and conflicting information.
Tom proposes a small subcommittee from this group develop talking points that will provide a consistent and factual message. Chris Servheen offered to lead that effort.
Tom also wants to develop training for employees on bear identification and collection and reporting protocols. Chris wants to be involved in these training sessions in the spring of 2008 for employees of the Clearwater, Nez Perce, and possibly the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. This will facilitate awareness and discussion with employees about the issues and how to communicate with the public about them. Jim Claar and Mary Ann High offered to help develop this training. The national forests will organize the sessions and contact Chris so he can be involved next spring.
Workshops will be held to train folks on using bear resistant packing equipment. See Backcountry Sanitation Workshops below.
Information and Education
Julie Schreck reviewed tasks. The Bitterroot Ecosystem has its own link within the IGBC website. Julie indicated the subcommittee history and outreach sections need work. Mack and Steve agreed to help with the history. Information would include group history, how the group formed, what brought group together. Julie said other IGBC subgroups on the website can help provide templates and flavor.
Julie can accept edits to the I&E plan and to the I&E charter for another 2 weeks (Nov. 27).
Julie will put together an inventory of I&E products available and distribute. She started with what is available on the Bitterroot and we can add to it as we find other items available. Chuck Bartlebaugh (Center for Wildlife Information) is also adding to the inventory.
Julie needs accomplishment and program of work information by Nov. 30 because the IGBC meeting is Dec. 11.
Tom will add to 2007 accomplishment report and get it and 2008 work plan to Julie.
Signage
Julie is looking for a general sanitation message- not specific to grizzly bears. The group identified our existing “Bear Country, Avoid Confrontation” sign that includes a sanitation message. Mary Ann said that sign works fine for campgrounds but we need a different message more appropriate for the backcountry at wilderness portals. She and Suzanne Cable, lead wilderness ranger at Moose Creek, have some suggested changes to develop a sign suitable for trailheads.
Chuck Bartlebaugh showed the group a sign that does provide an appropriate message for both campgrounds and backcountry sanitation. It is titled “Food Storage”, includes photos of bear resistant equipment and hanging techniques, and has the multi-agency cooperator logos at the bottom.
Jim said there are several signs available. He said we need to look at all existing signs first to see which are appropriate before creating anything new.
Mary Ann asked about having a place on the subcommittee website the group could view available products as we get them. Ellen said there is an administrative section on the site where we could view posted signs, etc.. She can get passwords for the group to access the admin part of the site. Julie said she can post what she has there.
Mack said it can backfire to post grizzly warning signs because you may have a bear in an area that isn’t posted after you have created an expectation with the public for being warned ahead of time. It is better to inform public they could encounter a grizzly anywhere.
Steve said there have been problems in southeast Idaho where someone has problems or an encounter with a grizzly and was not aware there had been one known to be in the area before the encounter.
Chuck showed the group a door hanger developed through his center that would address this issue. It says “A bear is frequenting this area” and provides an excellent message on bear proofing homes and habituation prevention. Steve thought this would be very helpful.
Steve said he is establishing a grizzly web page on the IDFG website. There will be I&E info there as well. He is updating the “Hunting in Bear Country” brochure to include the Bitterroot Ecosystem. It will be on the website as well.
Signage Posting Strategy
What signs need to be posted?
The group agreed that at this time, only two primary signs need to be posted on the Forests:
- “Hunters Know Your Bear” shows identification of black bear vs. grizzly bear
- A general sanitation message that does not specify or talk about grizzly bears.
- Chuck’s sign described above may be the best but group will view available products on website and decide by when? We will need time to get it reproduced before posting this spring.
How widely should signs be posted?
The group felt, in light of the two signs agreed upon, these two messages would be appropriate to post Forests-wide. The two Forest Supervisors in attendance, Tom Reilly and Dave Bull agreed to posting signs broadly and Jane Cottrell has also agreed to the strategy.
Chris requests that Tom contact the Idaho Panhandle to get the upper St Joe involved and Jim Claar will contact Red Ives. Chris emphasized these are very important areas for bear dispersal.
Backcountry Sanitation Workshops
Proposals for I&E funds are due the first week of January. The plan is to hire Smoke Elser, longtime outfitter and Ninemile educator, to conduct sanitation workshops for backcountry travel with packstock. His fee is about $500.00 for each session. Tom said the Clearwater N.F. can provide funds from 08 for this so we won’t need I&E funds. The I&E funds did not come to the Forests until July and that would be too late for workshops in early spring.
Audience for the workshops would be outfitter/guides, BCH, and our own agency employees that use packstock. There will be two Idaho workshops and one in Montana. The sessions need to be planned carefully. The bear resistant equipment that has been purchased will be distributed at that time.
Mack said to get the dates for Smoke right away to ensure his availability. Tom and Mary Ann will get dates nailed down for the Idaho workshops and Julie and Dave will confirm date for the Bitterroot.
Both the Clearwater and the Nez Perce typically meet with their outfitters in March. The statewide IOGB is in December.
Tom will get the specifications of the bear resistant equipment we have to Mack to give to Smoke ahead of time.
IGBC grant proposal
Jamie said he put in for IGBC grant for outfitter training and his template is available for us to use, should we want to pursue it.
Ellen would need to have IGBC grant proposal by Jan. 2.
Grant could include:
- $2,000.00 for continuing ed. for backcountry sanitation and
- $2,000.00 for signs and brochures and
- $1,000.00 for field verification training and materials
Mike Demick and Mary Ann High will assist Julie with the grant proposal. They will get template from Jamie and put together request. Draft will be shared with group before final submission (no later than Jan. 2).
Jim Claar noted a call to Forests for project proposals has been sent out. A few thousand dollars should be available for each subcommittee.
Jim said IGBC is only a one day meeting this winter. Final agenda is out on IGBC website. The meeting is Dec. 11 at the Missoula Holiday Inn Downtown in the Park.
Sanitation Implementation – Dumpsters, etc.
Sterling and Mary Ann updated the group on the 007 Ranch site. These are dumpsters adjacent to Highway 12 on the Middle Fork Clearwater River between Syringa and Kooskia.
In June, after the last subcommittee meeting, Sterling, Mary Ann, and Tom, met with Heather Berg, Clearwater NF Wild and Scenic Rivers coordinator, Robert Simmons of Simmons Sanitation, and Mark ? of the Idaho state highway department on site.
The dumpsters are being frequented by black bears and other animals. There is often unsightly garbage strewn about in the designated wild and scenic corridor. Sterling had some sanitation funds available for a short period of time and we thought this site may be an appropriate place to use them.
There is some confusion around ownership of the site. The state has been using it for stockpiling aggregate but it may be privately owned. The ownership issue needs to be resolved before expenditures at the site are committed. The Clearwater NF is interested in pursuing resolution of the 007 dumpster situation, but because of the ownership uncertainty, they were not able to take advantage of the available funds in the short time frame. However, the NFF grant has been extended until November 2008, and Heather thinks the ownership issue is close to being resolved and thinks the site was quit claimed to the state of Idaho.
There are a number of issues with bear resistant dumpsters including maintenance and effectiveness. Sterling suggested fencing as an option to consider. It is being more widely used now up north and has proved very effective and has eliminated some of the issues with the lidded dumpsters. The cost to fence the 007 site may be about $6000.00.
Sterling needs to raise another $20,000 to match the NFF $20,000.00. The grant is extended until November 2008. Minnette said Defenders could add to the match funds. Sterling and Minnette will talk with Mary Mitzos of NFF. The match has to be non-federal. The 007 site would have to compete with other projects. He said it is quite a distance from the BE and not sure it is best use of funds. The Clearwater NF will need to determine whether they want to submit a proposal for funding for this project.
Mary Ann said she and Suzanne Cable, lead wilderness ranger for Moose Creek Ranger District, have been discussing needs for bear proofing Moose Creek Ranger Station, Shearer Guard Station, and the District lookouts. Both Suzanne and Amanda Parker, also a District wilderness ranger, have extensive experience working in occupied grizzly country. Tons of pellets and grain are stored in the barn, and there are outdoor refrigerators, and food and garbage attractants at Moose Creek. There are similar situations at lookouts and other admin sites. There are existing problems with black bears and the current situation. A combination of beefing up some of our existing storage facilities and buying minimal, new storage equipment, could greatly improve the current situation. Preliminarily, they estimate that $2,000.00 would bear proof Moose Creek and Shearer and probably a couple of lookouts.
Sterling reported on his project “Sanitation for Bears and Other Wildlife in the Bitterroot Ecosystem”. This project is sponsored by National Wildlife Federation, National Forest Foundation, and Defenders of Wildlife.
From 2001-2008, expenditures total $330,500.00. Funding sources include National Forest Foundation, Living With Wildlife Foundation, private in kind donations, and state and federal funding.
Many dumpster sites have been made bear resistant, including the Lochsa and Selway corridors. The Bitterroot may be pulling some of their bear resistant dumpsters at Rock Creek because they have attracted more garbage from the public and the Forest Service is having a tough time keeping up with it.
Minnette and Sterling purchased 10 bear resistant ½ yard dumpsters to loan out for residential use in the Ninemile area. Now their priority is Priest Lake area because it is a linkage area.
Lolo N. F. Sanitation Strategy Update
Lorraine said the Lolo has begun implementing a volunteer Forest-wide bear/wildlife attractant storage strategy that will become a mandatory order starting in 2009. The strategy has a communication plan which includes different types of media, including signing, etc..., to prepare folks for the strategy. They've already prioritized all of their developed recreation sites based on wildlife conflicts and replaced most existing garbage cans with bear resistant ones. The revised Lolo Forest Plan calls for total replacement over a 10-year period.
Meat Poles in Wilderness
Sterling brought up the issue of meat poles in wilderness. Tom said he will bring issue to wilderness group. Sterling said it is a choice between dead bears or meat poles.
The Bob has talked about meat poles but there are no poles there yet. There are poles in the Rattlesnake but primarily in the corridor. The North Continental Divide does not have meat poles in the wilderness, except for some temporary structures in some outfitter camps.
Dave Bull said the appropriate avenue to address the meat pole issue is the “minimum tool” analysis process. He said his wilderness crews suspend their food with ropes and outfitters have to take their poles down when the season ends.
Dave suggested that Tom forward the request to address the meat pole issue to the SBW and Frank Church steering committees. Tom will send the request to Dave and Dave will get it to steering committees.
Bear Baiting
Steve led a discussion on bear baiting implications for grizzly recovery. Some feel that bear baiting is contradictory to the message we’re trying to convey about proper sanitation to avoid habituation.
For permitted outfitters, the number and location of bait sites are authorized by the land management agency. There are some restrictions for attractants used…no wild animals or parts, etc. It is illegal to shoot over gut piles. Other hunters have to tag their bait sites and IDFG keeps records.
Chris suggested that Steve get appropriate identification and sanitation messages to the bear baiters holding bait site tags. Steve agreed.
Steve said IDFG proposed elimination of baiting and spring hound hunting in 1993 but the public shot it down. Now baiting is more restrictive and still valid.
Tom said we should include bear baiting in talking points. Suggest that in sites with occupied grizzly habitat, no baiting or hound hunting.
In units 10 and 12 there are intensive efforts to reduce black bears which create more risk for grizzlies. Steve said IDFG is talking at length, internally, about these implications.
Dave Bull explained the baiting situation on the Bitterroot. They regulate the outfitters to a degree. They have not approved some bait site proposals. Some proposals are too close to water and campgrounds. One proposal was ¼ mile from Magruder Ranger Station. One wanted to fall bait in addition to spring but there are more people out in the fall. When the proposal was scoped, almost all comments, except for IOGA, came back against baiting period. The comments addressed bear baiting in general, not a preference for spring or fall, which is what the scoping asked for. Dave will send Steve the scoping letter.
Sterling said spring baiting is more risky because cubs may be up a tree and not seen by hunter.
Steve said IDFG will propose a reduction in elk permits next fall in the Selway. IDFG continues to support bear baiting but will be looking at issue. Brian Peck said bear baiting and sanitation efforts are very opposing messages. He said 75% of people are non-hunters (not to be confused with anti-hunters). Non hunters think baiting is unethical. He suggested that IDFG do statewide survey to see if public supports bear baiting.
Steve said Montana does not allow bear baiting and they have as many black bear problems as Idaho. Steve said for the time being Idaho will wait and watch- no change yet.
Transition to New BE Subcommittee Chair
Tom agreed to take the chair role for two years in row and it’s time to hand it off. The chair position traditionally rotates between state and federal agencies every year. It should go to either Mack Long or Dave Cadwallader. Mack declined. Steve will talk to Dave and propose to co-chair the subcommittee with Dave if he is interested.
Next Meeting
The group agreed to meet on June 3, 2008, location to be determined. The summer IGBC meeting is June 19 and 20.
Task Commitments
The table below is a summary of the tasks assigned and committed to throughout the meeting. These tasks are described in more detail in the meeting notes. There are several November dates so be aware of the tight time frames.
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Bitterroot Ecosytem Subcommittee
TASK COMMITMENTS
Nov. 13, 2007
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Task
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Date
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Who
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Date Actually Completed
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1. Ask Dave Cadwallader to be chair with Steve as co-chair.
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Immediately
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Steve
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2. Review I&E plan and I&E roles/charter. Submit comments to Julie.
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Nov. 27
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All
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3. Send Julie I&E accomplishments. Include outreach and sanitation efforts.
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Nov. 30
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All
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4. Send Julie list of items purchased last year with IGBC I&E funds.
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Nov. 30
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Mack, Steve, Tom
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5. Review I&E products Julie emailed and decide which ones should be purchased and any changes needed for appropriate message. Submit to Julie
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Dec. 14
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All
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6. Review Julie’s summary I&E doc. and let her know of additions. Send the info or product to her if possible.
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Jan. 1
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All
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7. Develop and submit IGBC FY08 grant proposal for backcountry bear safety/sanitation training for outfitters and staff in Idaho and Montana to Ellen.
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Jan. 2
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Julie, Mary Ann, Mike
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8. Small group from subcommittee to develop talking points to provide consistent, factual info
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ASAP
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Chris to lead this effort.
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9. Schedule backcountry bear safety/sanitation workshops for Idaho and Montana. Coordinate with outfitter meetings. Get dates to Mack for scheduling Smoke.
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ASAP because outfitter meetings are in March
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Tom and Mary Ann (Idaho)
Julie and Dave (Montana)
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10. Extract a tooth from the Kelly Creek grizzly skull and send to Chris for age testing.
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ASAP
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Steve
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11. Design systematic surveys and request funding.
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ASAP
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Chris
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12. Schedule and design grizzly ID training sessions for agency personnel and develop protocols.
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Schedule soon, design training and protocols in Feb. and March
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Jim , Mary Ann, Chris
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13. Distribute selected brochures and post Forests with selected signage (1.“know your bear” and 2.general sanitation message)
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Early spring before bears emerge
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National Forests in coordination with states
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14. Talk to Mary Mitzos about NFF grant options.
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Soon
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Sterling and Minnette
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15. Firm up proposals for the NFF funds – 007 dumpster site, Moose Creek admin sanitation, etc.
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Soon - extension expires in Nov.
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Heather, Mary Ann, Sterling – others?
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16. Forward request to SBW and Frank Church steering committees to address meat poles with minimum tool analysis.
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Soon
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Tom will send request to Dave Bull who will take to steering groups.
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17. Send appropriate ID/sanitation message to bear baiters that have bait site tags.
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Before spring bear season
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Steve
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18. Send Bitterroot bear baiting scoping letter to Steve Nadeau.
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Soon
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Dave Bull
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